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Spanish II Final Study Guide

Section-by-section walkthrough of the Spanish II final: subject pronouns, numbers, present tense regular and irregular, question words, ir, ser vs estar, tener idioms, present progressive, preterite (regular and irregular: i/j/u/v stems, dar, ver, ser/ir, oír, -car/-gar/-zar), imperfect, preterite vs imperfect, and reading comprehension. Spanish in Spanish, explanations in English.

Spanish LanguagesFinals 70 min #spanish-2#final-exam#verbs#preterite#imperfect#ser-vs-estar
By IHHS · Published May 14, 2026

Learning objectives

By the end of this guide you should be able to:

  • Pick the right subject pronoun for any noun, including mixed groups
  • Write cardinal numbers (1 to 1,000,000) in Spanish, including thousands with a period
  • Conjugate regular -ar, -er, -ir verbs in the present
  • Use question words correctly (qué, quién, cómo, cuándo, dónde, adónde, cuánto, por qué)
  • Conjugate ir in the present
  • Choose between ser and estar and explain the reason
  • Use tener in its set idiomatic expressions (tener frío, tener hambre, etc.)
  • Form the present progressive with estar + gerund
  • Conjugate preterite verbs, regular and irregular (i/j/u/v stems, ser/ir, dar, ver, oír, -car/-gar/-zar, -eer/-aer/-uir)
  • Conjugate imperfect verbs, including the only three irregulars (ser, ir, ver)
  • Decide between preterite and imperfect based on trigger words and context
  • Read a Spanish passage and answer comprehension questions in Spanish or English

TL;DR

TopicQuick rule
Present -arDrop -ar, add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
Present -erDrop -er, add -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
Present -irDrop -ir, add -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en
Ser vs estarDOCTOR / PLACE (see Section 6)
Tener idiomsUse tener (not ser/estar) for feelings: cold, hungry, scared, etc.
Preterite triggerayer, anoche, una vez, de repente -> preterite
Imperfect triggersiempre, todos los días, generalmente, cuando era niño -> imperfect
-car / -gar / -zar yoqu / gu / c: busqué, llegué, empecé
Ser and ir share preteritefui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
Imperfect irregularsonly ser, ir, ver

Glossary

Conjugar To conjugate. Changing the verb ending to match the subject and tense.   Pretérito Preterite. Spanish past tense for completed, one-time, specific events.   Imperfecto Imperfect. Spanish past tense for habits, ongoing description, “used to / would” actions, and background.   Gerundio Gerund. The -ando / -iendo form used in the present progressive.   Pronombre Pronoun. A word that replaces a noun.   Palabra interrogativa Question word. The Spanish equivalents of who, what, where, when, why, how.


Section 1. Listening activity

The exam links to a Conjuguemos listening drill. There’s no shortcut, you have to hear it. Two habits make the difference:

  1. Listen for time markers first. “Hace dos semanas”, “ayer”, “anoche”, “el domingo pasado”. The questions usually ask when something happened.
  2. Listen for numbers and money. “Costaron 80 euros”, “pagué 47 euros en el supermercado”. Catch the digits, not the whole sentence.

Section 2. Subject pronouns (pronombres de sujeto)

SingularSpanishEnglish
1styoI
2ndyou (informal)
3rdél / ella / ustedhe / she / you (formal)
PluralSpanishEnglish
1stnosotros / nosotraswe
2ndvosotros / vosotrasyou all (Spain only)
3rdellos / ellas / ustedesthey / you all

How to pick the pronoun for a noun

  1. “X y yo” -> always nosotros / nosotras (the speaker is included).
  2. “X y tú” -> in Latin America: ustedes. In Spain: vosotros.
  3. Mixed gender group of “they” -> ellos. All-female group -> ellas.
  4. A single named person -> él (male) or ella (female).
  5. Formal “you” -> usted (singular) or ustedes (plural).

Worked examples

“Carla y tú” -> ustedes (or vosotros in Spain).

“Mis padres” -> ellos (mixed-gender plural defaults to masculine).

“El señor González” -> él.

“Marta, Pedro y yo” -> nosotros (includes “yo” -> we; mixed gender -> masculine).

“Tú y tu hermana” -> ustedes (or vosotras in Spain).

“Las profesoras” -> ellas (all-female plural).


Section 3. Numbers (los números)

Building blocks

NumberSpanish
100cien (exact 100) / ciento (when followed by anything)
200doscientos
300trescientos
400cuatrocientos
500quinientos (irregular)
600seiscientos
700setecientos (irregular)
800ochocientos
900novecientos (irregular)
1,000mil
1,000,000un millón

Method

  1. Start from the biggest unit (millions, thousands, hundreds, then tens, then ones).
  2. “y” only between tens and ones: treinta y dos, never between hundreds and tens.
  3. Hundreds agree in gender with a feminine noun: doscientas chicas.
  4. Mil never takes “un” in front: write mil, not “un mil”.

Worked examples from the exam

407 = cuatrocientos siete

(no “y” between cuatrocientos and siete)

1.001 = mil uno

(no “un” before “mil”; just “mil uno”)

732.000 = setecientos treinta y dos mil

(setecientos is irregular; “y” between treinta and dos)

58.916 = cincuenta y ocho mil novecientos dieciséis

(noventa is the irregular hundred-ish word for 900: novecientos; 16 = dieciséis)


Section 4. Present tense (el presente)

Regular endings

Subject-AR (hablar)-ER (comer)-IR (vivir)
yohablocomovivo
hablascomesvives
él/ella/ustedhablacomevive
nosotroshablamoscomemosvivimos
vosotroshabláiscoméisvivís
ellos/ellas/ustedeshablancomenviven

Picking between two verbs

The exam gives you two verbs in parentheses; you pick the one whose meaning fits.

“Mi hermana y yo ______ (vivir / pelearse) en un barrio simpático.”

The sentence is about living in a neighborhood, not fighting. Pick vivir. Subject is “mi hermana y yo” (nosotros), so: vivimos.

“Yo ______ (mentir / tener) miedo de los dibujos animados.”

“Tener miedo” = to be afraid. Tener is the right verb. Yo -> tengo (irregular yo form).

Common irregulars / stem changers

VerbyoPattern
tenertengoyo-go and e->ie (tengo, tienes, tiene…)
sersoyfully irregular
estarestoyyo-y; stress on endings (estás, está…)
irvoyfully irregular
decirdigoe->i and yo-go
salirsalgoyo-go
traertraigoyo-igo
dormirduermoo->ue
pensarpiensoe->ie
pedirpidoe->i (only -ir)

Section 5. Question words (palabras interrogativas)

SpanishEnglish
¿Qué?What?
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes?Who? (sing/plur)
¿Cuál? / ¿Cuáles?Which? / Which ones?
¿Cómo?How? (or “What’s it like?”)
¿Cuándo?When?
¿Dónde?Where?
¿Adónde?(To) where? (motion)
¿Cuánto/a/os/as?How much / how many?
¿Por qué?Why?
¿Para qué?What for?

Worked examples from the exam

”¿_____ son tus amigos en la clase de historia?” -> Quiénes (asking about people, plural noun “tus amigos”).

”¿_____ vas después de la escuela?” -> Adónde (asking where you’re going, motion).

”¿_____ es tu recuerdo favorito de la niñez?” -> Cuál (asking which one from a set, not a definition).

”¿_____ estudias para el examen final?” -> Cómo (how do you study) or Cuándo (when). Context decides.


Section 6. The verb ir

Present tense of ir (to go). Fully irregular, memorize this.

Subjectir
yovoy
vas
él/ella/ustedva
nosotrosvamos
vosotrosvais
ellos/ellas/ustedesvan

The “ir + a + infinitive” construction

Spanish uses this for near-future actions:

Voy a estudiar esta noche. -> I am going to study tonight.

Vamos a comer pizza. -> We are going to eat pizza.


Section 7. Ser vs Estar

Both mean “to be” in English. Memorize the conjugations, then the use cases.

Present tense

Subjectserestar
yosoyestoy
eresestás
él/ella/ustedesestá
nosotrossomosestamos
vosotrossoisestáis
ellos/ellas/ustedessonestán

When to use SER (“DOCTOR”)

LetterUseExample
DescriptionPermanent traitsMi hermano es alto.
OccupationJobsElla es enfermera.
CharacteristicPersonalityEres muy paciente.
TimeDates, days, time of dayHoy es el 15 de mayo.
OriginWhere you’re fromSoy de Lima.
RelationshipFamily tiesElla es mi tía.

When to use ESTAR (“PLACE”)

LetterUseExample
PositionBody positionEl gato está sentado.
LocationWhere something ISMadrid está en España.
Action (progressive)-ndo formsEstoy estudiando.
ConditionHealth, temporary stateEstoy enfermo.
EmotionFeelingsEstamos contentos.

Worked examples from the exam

“Hoy ______ el 15 de mayo.” -> es. Reason: T in DOCTOR, telling the date.

“Mi casa ______ en las montañas.” -> está. Reason: L in PLACE, location.

“Mis primos ______ muy cariñosos.” -> son. Reason: C in DOCTOR, characteristic / permanent trait.

“Yo ______ enfermo con fiebre.” -> estoy. Reason: C in PLACE, condition / temporary state.


Section 8. Tener idioms

The verb tener (to have) is irregular and is used for many things that English expresses with “to be”.

Tener in the present

Subjecttener
yotengo
tienes
él/ella/ustedtiene
nosotrostenemos
vosotrostenéis
ellos/ellas/ustedestienen

Common idioms to memorize

SpanishEnglish
tener fríoto be cold
tener calorto be hot
tener hambreto be hungry
tener sedto be thirsty
tener sueñoto be sleepy
tener miedo (de)to be afraid (of)
tener prisato be in a hurry
tener suerteto be lucky
tener razónto be right
tener X añosto be X years old
tener ganas de + infto feel like (doing)
tener que + infto have to (do)

Worked examples from the exam

“Nosotros ______ frío en la noche.” -> tenemos. English meaning: “We are cold at night.”

“Tú ______ suerte en los juegos.” -> tienes. English meaning: “You are lucky in games.”

“Yo ______ prisa antes de la clase.” -> tengo. English meaning: “I am in a hurry before class.”

“Ellos ______ hambre después del recreo.” -> tienen. English meaning: “They are hungry after recess.”


Section 9. Present progressive (presente progresivo)

Used for right-now actions. Less common in Spanish than English, save it for true “in progress” moments.

Formula

estar (conjugated)+gerund\text{estar (conjugated)} + \text{gerund}

Forming the gerund

Infinitive ends inGerund endingExample
-ar-andohablar -> hablando
-er-iendocomer -> comiendo
-ir-iendovivir -> viviendo

Spelling-change gerunds

VerbGerundWhy
leerleyendoi between vowels -> y
oíroyendosame
traertrayendosame
construirconstruyendosame
dormirdurmiendo-ir stem changer o -> u
pedirpidiendo-ir stem changer e -> i
sentirsintiendo-ir stem changer e -> i

Worked examples from the exam

“Yo ______ ______ (portarse) bien hoy.” -> estoy portándome (or “me estoy portando”). Reflexive pronoun attaches to the gerund (and you add an accent) OR sits in front of “estar”.

“Ellos ______ ______ (leer) una historia divertida.” -> están leyendo.

“Nosotros ______ ______ (reírse) mucho.” -> nos estamos riendo OR estamos riéndonos.

“Tú ______ ______ (coleccionar) muñecos raros.” -> estás coleccionando.


Section 10. Preterite (el pretérito)

Used for completed, specific actions in the past. “I went to the store yesterday.”

Regular -ar endings

Subject-AR (hablar)
yohablé
hablaste
él/ella/ustedhabló
nosotroshablamos
vosotroshablasteis
ellos/ellas/ustedeshablaron

Regular -er / -ir endings (same for both)

Subject-ER (comer)-IR (vivir)
yocomíviví
comisteviviste
él/ella/ustedcomviv
nosotroscomimosvivimos
vosotroscomisteisvivisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedescomieronvivieron

Yo-form spelling changes

To preserve pronunciation, the yo form of certain verbs changes:

EndingYo changeExample
-car-québuscar -> busqué
-gar-guéllegar -> llegué
-zar-céempezar -> empe

Third-person spelling changes (-eer, -aer, -uir)

The “i” between two vowels becomes “y”:

Verbélellos
leerleyóleyeron
caercayócayeron
construirconstruyóconstruyeron

Irregular: ser and ir share preterite forms

Subjectser / ir
yofui
fuiste
él/ella/ustedfue
nosotrosfuimos
vosotrosfuisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesfueron

Context tells you which one: “Fui al cine” = I went; “Fui estudiante” = I was a student.

Irregular: dar and ver

Both use -er endings without accents on the yo / él forms.

Subjectdarver
yodivi
disteviste
él/ella/usteddiovio
nosotrosdimosvimos
vosotrosdisteisvisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesdieronvieron

The “loco” endings (used by all irregular stems below)

SubjectEnding
yo-e (no accent)
-iste
él/ella/usted-o (no accent)
nosotros-imos
vosotros-isteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes-ieron (or -eron for j-stems)

These endings attach to the irregular stem. Notice yo and él have no accents (unlike regular preterite).

I-stems

These verbs change their stem and use the “loco” endings.

InfinitiveStemExample (él)
hacerhic-hizo (note: c -> z before o)
quererquis-quiso
venirvin-vino

U-stems

InfinitiveStemExample (yo)
tenertuv-tuve
estarestuv-estuve
andaranduv-anduve
poderpud-pude
ponerpus-puse
sabersup-supe

V-stems (the “v” stems aren’t really a category, just estar/andar/tener above)

Some textbooks lump tener/andar/estar as “uv stems” because they all end in -uv-. Same endings as the table above.

J-stems

The stem ends in -j. Their ellos form drops the i: dijeron, trajeron, condujeron.

InfinitiveStemExample (ellos)
decirdij-dijeron (no i)
traertraj-trajeron
conducirconduj-condujeron
traducirtraduj-tradujeron
producirproduj-produjeron

Oír

Subjectoír
yo
oíste
él/ella/ustedoyó
nosotrosoímos
vosotrosoísteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesoyeron

Worked examples from the exam

“Yo ______ (leer / reírse) una revista de juguetes.” -> leí (read a magazine).

“Los niños ______ (dormir / oír) una historia anoche.” -> oyeron (heard a story — ellos of oír is the y-form).

“Tú ______ (dar / tener) un muñeco nuevo a tu primo.” -> diste (gave a doll). Dar’s tú form is diste.

“Mis abuelos ______ (venir / ser) a mi fiesta.” -> vinieron. (venir is an i-stem -> vin- + loco -ieron = vinieron.)

“Julia ______ (jugar / mentir) con sus amigos.” -> jugó. -ar regular preterite.

“Ustedes ______ (decir / conducir) que todo salió bien.” -> dijeron. j-stem, ellos form drops the i.

“Nosotros ______ (buscar / llegar) al museo a las nueve.” -> llegamos. Same forms in preterite and present for -ar nosotros, context tells you it’s past.

“Ella ______ (creer / construir) un castillo de arena.” -> construyó. Third person of -uir gets -yó.

“Tú ______ (conducir / traducir) un cuento muy interesante.” -> tradujiste (translated). j-stem with loco endings, tú is -iste.

“En el examen ayer yo ______ (andar / saber) todo sobre la cultura maya.” -> supe. saber u-stem -> sup- + loco -e = supe.


Section 11. Imperfect (el imperfecto)

Used for habits, ongoing past actions, descriptions, age, time of day in the past. “I used to / was -ing” in English.

Regular -ar endings

Subject-AR (hablar)
yohablaba
hablabas
él/ella/ustedhablaba
nosotroshablábamos
vosotroshablabais
ellos/ellas/ustedeshablaban

Regular -er / -ir endings (same)

Subject-ER/-IR (comer)
yocomía
comías
él/ella/ustedcomía
nosotroscomíamos
vosotroscomíais
ellos/ellas/ustedescomían

The only three irregulars

Subjectserirver
yoeraibaveía
erasibasveías
él/ella/ustederaibaveía
nosotroséramosíbamosveíamos
vosotroseraisibaisveíais
ellos/ellas/ustedeseranibanveían

Worked examples from the exam

“Elena siempre ______ (ver / obedecer) películas de horror.” -> veía. “Siempre” = imperfect; ver is irregular.

“Mi hermana y yo ______ (coleccionar / molestar) muñecas.” -> coleccionábamos. Regular -ar imperfect for nosotros.

“Tú ______ (ser / tener) muy travieso.” -> eras. Description, imperfect.

“Nosotros ______ (ir / estar) al cine todos los domingos.” -> íbamos. “todos los domingos” = habit -> imperfect, ir irregular.

“Los niños ______ (disfrutar / comer) del recreo.” -> disfrutaban. Regular -ar imperfect.

“Yo ______ (contar / decir) cuentos de miedo a mis amigos.” -> contaba. Regular -ar imperfect, habit context.


Section 12. Preterite vs imperfect

The single hardest skill on the test. Pick by what kind of action the sentence describes.

Use preterite for

  • One-time completed actions: ayer, anoche, una vez, el lunes pasado, de repente
  • Specific time-bounded events: “for X minutes / hours”
  • Beginning or end of an action: “Empezó a llover”, “terminé la tarea”

Use imperfect for

  • Habits and repeated actions: siempre, todos los días, generalmente, a menudo, rara vez
  • Background description: weather, what someone was wearing, how old someone was
  • Time of day in the past: “Eran las tres.”
  • “Was -ing” / “used to”: “Caminaba a la escuela cuando…”

Worked examples from the exam

Rara vez, yo ______ (ver / romper) mis juguetes favoritos.” -> rara vez = habit -> imperfect. veía (used to look at).

El mes pasado, tú ______ (comer / portarse) muy mal en casa.” -> el mes pasado = specific time -> preterite. te portaste (you behaved).

Generalmente, mis primos ______ (jugar / leer) en la calle.” -> generalmente = habit -> imperfect. jugaban.

Esta mañana, mis padres ______ (llegar / pensar) temprano.” -> esta mañana = specific event -> preterite. llegaron.

De vez en cuando, nosotros ______ (tener / contar) historias graciosas.” -> repeated, imperfect. contábamos.

Ayer, el niño ______ (caerse / dormir) después de comer.” -> ayer = specific time -> preterite. se cayó. Note: caer’s él form uses the y-rule: cayó.


Section 13. Reading comprehension (lectura)

The exam gives you a paragraph and asks questions. Answer in complete sentences in Spanish unless the question is in English.

Strategy

  1. Skim names and dates first. Underline the protagonist, the setting, and any time markers.
  2. Tag verbs as preterite or imperfect as you read. Imperfect tells you the setting / habits; preterite tells you the key events.
  3. Answer with the same tense the question uses. If they ask “¿Qué hacía…?” reply with imperfect. If “¿Qué hizo…?” reply with preterite.

Sample passage method

The exam’s reading is about Clara, who vivía (imperfect: habit) with her grandparents in San Juan, Puerto Rico every summer. Each morning she ayudaba (imperfect: habit) her grandmother to prepare breakfast.

A sample question: “¿Dónde pasaba Clara los veranos de su niñez?”

Answer in a complete sentence: Clara pasaba los veranos de su niñez en un pequeño barrio de San Juan, Puerto Rico con sus abuelos.

Notice the answer:

  • Starts with the subject (Clara)
  • Uses the imperfect (“pasaba”) because the question uses imperfect
  • Adds detail from the text instead of just “Puerto Rico”

Self-quiz

Q

Spanish II final, 15 questions

0 of 15 answered

  1. 01

    Which subject pronoun replaces 'Marta, Pedro y yo'?

  2. 02

    How do you write 407 in Spanish?

  3. 03

    Conjugate 'vivir' for 'mi hermana y yo' in the present.

  4. 04

    Which question word fits: '¿_____ vas después de la escuela?'

  5. 05

    Present tense of ir for 'nosotros'?

  6. 06

    'Hoy ___ el 15 de mayo' (today is May 15th) — pick the verb and reason.

  7. 07

    'Yo ___ enfermo con fiebre' — pick the verb and reason.

  8. 08

    Translate 'I am hungry' to Spanish.

  9. 09

    Present progressive: 'Nosotros ___ ___ (reírse) mucho.'

  10. 10

    Preterite of 'leer' for yo?

  11. 11

    Preterite of 'ir' for 'mis abuelos'?

  12. 12

    Preterite of 'decir' for 'ustedes'?

  13. 13

    Imperfect of 'ser' for tú?

  14. 14

    Pick the tense: 'Generalmente, mis primos ___ en la calle.'

  15. 15

    Pick the tense: 'Ayer, el niño ___ después de comer.'

Flashcards

F

Flashcards

1 / 30 · browse mode

Mnemonics

  • DOCTOR for ser: Description, Occupation, Characteristic, Time, Origin, Relationship.
  • PLACE for estar: Position, Location, Action (progressive), Condition, Emotion.
  • Loco endings (the irregular preterite ones): -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. The yo and él have no accents, which “looks crazy” compared to regular preterite -é, -ó.
  • “Tener for feelings”: hunger, cold, hot, sleepy, afraid, lucky, right. All take tener, never ser or estar.
  • U-stems vs i-stems vs j-stems order to memorize: U (“you” have it: tuve, estuve, pude), i (hice, quise, vine), j (j-letters: dije, traje, conduje).

Common pitfalls

Cheat sheet

TopicRule
Subject pronoun for “X y yo”nosotros / nosotras
Subject pronoun for “X y tú”ustedes (LatAm) / vosotros (Spain)
Numbers, thousands separatorPeriod in Spanish (1.001 = 1,001 English)
-ar present-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
-er present-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
-ir present-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en
Ser usesDOCTOR
Estar usesPLACE
Tener for feelingshambre, sed, frío, calor, miedo, prisa, suerte, X años
Present progressiveestar + -ando / -iendo
-ar preterite-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron
-er/-ir preterite-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron
Ser / ir preteritefui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
-car/-gar/-zar yobusqué, llegué, empecé
i-stems / u-stems / j-stemsloco endings on irregular stem
j-stems ellosdrops the i: dijeron, trajeron
-ar imperfect-aba endings
-er/-ir imperfect-ía endings
Imperfect irregularsonly ser, ir, ver
Preterite triggerayer, anoche, una vez, de repente
Imperfect triggersiempre, todos los días, generalmente, mientras

Mock final test, 25 questions

Real exam conditions: no notes. Mix matches the practice exam.

Q

Mock final test, 25 questions

0 of 25 answered

  1. 01

    Subject pronoun for 'Las profesoras'?

  2. 02

    Subject pronoun for 'Tú y tu hermana' in Latin America?

  3. 03

    Write 1.001 in Spanish.

  4. 04

    Write 58.916 in Spanish.

  5. 05

    Conjugate 'ser' or 'obedecer' for 'tú': 'Tú ___ a tus padres casi siempre.'

  6. 06

    'Mi mamá y yo ___ (salir / pensar) mucho en la infancia.' Pick the form.

  7. 07

    Question word: '¿_____ son tus amigos en la clase de historia?'

  8. 08

    Present of ir for 'tú'?

  9. 09

    'Mi casa ___ en las montañas.' Verb and reason?

  10. 10

    'Mis primos ___ muy cariñosos.' Verb and reason?

  11. 11

    'Yo ___ prisa antes de la clase.' Translate the idiom.

  12. 12

    Present progressive of 'Tú ___ (coleccionar) muñecos raros.'

  13. 13

    Preterite of 'tener' for tú?

  14. 14

    Preterite of 'venir' for 'mis abuelos'?

  15. 15

    Preterite of 'oír' for 'los niños'?

  16. 16

    Preterite of 'construir' for 'ella'?

  17. 17

    Preterite of 'buscar' for yo?

  18. 18

    Preterite of 'andar' for yo?

  19. 19

    Imperfect of 'ver' for 'Elena'?

  20. 20

    Imperfect of 'ir' for 'nosotros'?

  21. 21

    Pick the tense: 'Rara vez, yo ___ (ver) mis juguetes.'

  22. 22

    Pick the tense: 'Esta mañana, mis padres ___ (llegar) temprano.'

  23. 23

    'De vez en cuando, nosotros ___ historias graciosas.' Pick the form.

  24. 24

    How would you start the answer to '¿Qué hacía Clara por la mañana?'

  25. 25

    Translate: 'Clara was very curious and well-behaved.'